The Iranian duo scored 583 points in the qualifying round to finish second and advance to the final.
In the all-Asian final on Friday, Iran finished behind China to secure silver. China’s second team claimed bronze, while Vietnam placed fourth.
Rostamiyan and Golkhandan had previously won bronze in the same event at the 2026 Asian Games in Nagoya, Japan.
A day earlier, Rostamiyan secured Iran’s first Olympic quota place for the 2028 Los Angeles Games by finishing fourth in the women’s 10-meter air pistol event.