The appointment takes place three days after President Ebrahim Raisi and Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian lost their lives in a helicopter crash in the country's remote northwest on Sunday.
Bagheri Kani used to serve as deputy foreign minister for political affairs over the past two years and a half.
In his decree, Mokhber urged Bagheri Kani to continue with the country's active diplomacy in dealing with the issue of Palestine and strengthening the Axis of Resistance.
IRNA