An examination of trade and energy data from 2023 to 2025 indicates that, despite claims of strategic self-sufficiency, Israel remains highly dependent on imports of crude oil and refined petroleum products. According to this information, more than 323 shipments of crude oil and refined fuel entered Israel during this period, the majority of which were supplied via regional countries and a handful of key international players.
In the refined products sector, Russia ranks first, exporting approximately 1.468 million tons. Greece follows with more than 556,000 tons, and the United States with around 416,000 tons. Italy, Cyprus, Albania, and Saudi Arabia rank next. The presence of European countries alongside several Muslim countries on this list shows that Israel’s fuel supply network is not only diverse, but also highly transregional and multilayered.
In the crude oil sector, Azerbaijan was Israel’s largest supplier, exporting roughly 7.1 million tons. Kazakhstan followed with 5.3 million tons, and Gabon with 2.2 million tons. Nigeria, Brazil, and Egypt also held defined shares in supplying Israel’s crude oil. These data clearly demonstrate that a significant portion of Israel’s oil consumption is supplied by non-Western countries, including some Muslim countries.
A notable point is the role of the Turkish route in transporting a substantial share of these shipments. While Turkey is not necessarily a primary exporter of oil to Israel, it plays an important role as a key transit corridor in sustaining the flow of energy to the regime. This further underscores the geopolitical importance of energy infrastructure and transmission routes.
From a military perspective, the United States occupies a completely distinct position. The US is the only country that has supplied JP-8 military fuel to Israel—a fuel used directly in fighter jets and military operations. This highlights the direct link between Washington’s energy support and its military support for Israel, showing that US backing is not merely political or diplomatic, but also continues at the operational and battlefield level.
Overall, these data present a clear picture of Israel’s structural position in the energy domain. Dependence on imports, geographic diversification of suppliers, and the prominent role of certain regional countries indicate that energy remains one of Israel’s sensitive and strategic pressure points. This reality could play a decisive role in the region’s future political, economic, and even security equations—especially at a time when geopolitical shifts and global public pressure on energy-centered relationships are steadily increasing.