In the past twenty years, the planet has witnessed an encouraging environmental phenomenon: an unprecedented expansion of forest cover in several countries, signalling the earth’s gradual return to ecological balance. According to global data since 2001, China leads the reforestation drive with more than 424,000 sq km of new forests. The United States follows with 57,000 sq km, and Russia ranks third with 54,000 sq km. India and Vietnam come next, with 46,000 sq km and 27,000 sq km, respectively.

Iran, meanwhile, has expanded its forest area by 13,000 sq km, ranking eleventh globally—a notable achievement for a country with predominantly arid and semi-arid climates. The increase reflects the impact of policies aimed at restoring the Zagros, Caspian, and Arasbaran forests. It also underlines Iran’s determination to rehabilitate damaged ecosystems, combat desertification and expand both urban and natural green spaces.

China, as the main powerhouse of global reforestation, has transformed its northern deserts into forested zones through massive initiatives such as the “Great Green Wall” project. In the US and Russia, forest fire management, replanting of degraded lands, and investments in ecosystem protection have also contributed significantly to forest growth.

Countries like India and Vietnam have reversed deforestation by engaging local communities, training rural populations and promoting the cultivation of native, resilient species. In Chile, Australia, Turkey and France, forestation projects now serve both environmental and economic goals—from sustainable timber production and carbon absorption to the promotion of eco-tourism.

Within this global green race, Iran holds a unique position. Although its total forested area remains small compared with giants like China or Russia, its 13,000 sq km expansion embodies national resolve and optimism. Initiatives such as the “Tree-Planting Movement,” “Urban Green Belt” and “Central Zagros Restoration Plan” demonstrate a coordinated effort among state institutions and civil society toward sustainable development.

These figures make clear that forests are no longer just natural heritage—they have become strategic geopolitical assets in the emerging global order. The nations leading in reforestation today will soon wield greater influence in food security, environmental health and climate diplomacy.

By continuing along this path, Iran could offer a homegrown model for reforestation in arid climates—one that contributes not only to healing the planet but also to strengthening its own standing in the pursuit of global sustainability.